Which symptom is commonly associated with congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a hallmark symptom of congestive heart failure (CHF). This occurs because heart failure leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs due to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, which impacts the ability to breathe comfortably. As the heart struggles to pump effectively, blood can back up in the veins leading to pulmonary congestion, resulting in the sensation of breathlessness.

In CHF, patients may experience dyspnea during exertion or even at rest, particularly while lying flat, which is referred to as orthopnea. The severity of dyspnea can vary depending on the degree of heart failure and the effectiveness of the treatments being administered. Recognizing dyspnea as a primary symptom can help healthcare providers assess the severity of CHF and monitor changes in the patient's condition. Understanding the physical underpinning of this symptom is essential for effective management and treatment of patients with heart failure.