What type of breathing is characterized by increased effort due to metabolic disturbances?

Kussmaul breathing is characterized by deep, rapid breaths and is often associated with metabolic acidosis, such as that which occurs in diabetic ketoacidosis. This type of breathing is the body's way of attempting to compensate for the increased acidity in the blood by promoting exhalation of carbon dioxide. The increased respiratory effort is a physiological response to normalize the acid-base balance, reflecting the body's attempt to correct the underlying metabolic disturbance.

The other types of breathing do not share the same connection to metabolic disturbances. For instance, Cheyne-Stokes respiration features a pattern of alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea, typically seen in neurological conditions or heart failure rather than direct metabolic issues. Asthmatic breathing is characterized by wheezing and difficulty exhaling due to bronchospasm, primarily related to airway issues rather than metabolic disruptions. Periodic breathing doesn’t specifically tie back to metabolic changes; it often refers to irregular patterns that may occur during sleep or other conditions unrelated to metabolic status. Therefore, Kussmaul breathing stands out as the type that reflects increased effort due to metabolic disturbances, particularly in scenarios of acidosis.