What is a potential complication of pulmonary embolism?

Hypoxemia is a potential complication of pulmonary embolism because it occurs when there is insufficient oxygen in the blood. Pulmonary embolism involves a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually due to blood clots. This blockage can impede blood flow to portions of the lung, leading to areas of infarction and impaired gas exchange. As a result, the affected lung tissue may not be able to properly oxygenate the blood, which can manifest as hypoxemia. This condition can produce symptoms such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and decreased oxygen saturation levels, all of which are critical considerations when managing a patient with a pulmonary embolism.

The other options listed do not directly relate to the immediate complications that arise from pulmonary embolism. For instance, kidney stones, pneumonia, and diabetes do not stem directly from the pathophysiological processes associated with an embolism in the pulmonary circulation. While a patient with pulmonary embolism may be at risk for various secondary complications (e.g., pneumonia from immobility or hypoventilation), hypoxemia is a direct consequence of the altered blood flow and compromised gas exchange due to the embolus.